Yala National Park is the most visited and second
largest national park in Sri Lanka. The park consists of five blocks, two of
which are now open to the public, and also adjoining parks. The blocks have
individual names such as, Ruhuna National Park (block 1) and Kumana National
Park or 'Yala East' for the adjoining area. It is situated in the southeast
region of the country, and lies in Southern Province and Uva Province. The park
covers 979 square kilometres (378 sq mi) and is located about 300 kilometres
(190 mi) from Colombo. Yala was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1900,
and, along with Wilpattu was one of the first two national parks in Sri Lanka,
having been designated in 1938. The park is best known for its variety of wild
animals. It is important for the conservation of Sri Lankan Elephants and
aquatic birds. There are six national parks and three wildlife sanctuaries in
the vicinity of Yala. The park is situated in the dry semi-arid climatic region
and rain is received mainly during the northeast monsoon. Yala hosts a variety
of ecosystems ranging from moist monsoon forests to freshwater and marine
wetlands. It is one of the 70 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) in Sri Lanka. Yala
harbours 215 bird species including six endemic species of Sri Lanka. The
number of mammals that has been recorded from the park is 44, and it has one of
the highest leopard densities in the world. The area around Yala has hosted
several ancient civilisations. Two important pilgrim sites, Sithulpahuwa and
Magul Vihara, are situated within the park. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
caused severe damage on the Yala National Park and 250 people died in its
vicinity. The number of visitors has been on the rise since 2009 after the
security situation in the park improved.
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